You can trigger your function only when the called function, here "private_payment_send" has returned true. This can be done like this
<form name="multipay_form" onsubmit="if (private_payment_send()) { alert("myFunction") }; return false;"> ...</form>
If you only want to use the jQuery part, you can completely remove the onSubmit attribute and only assign the submit handler using jQuery
jQuery('form[name="multipay_form"]').on('submit', function() { if (private_payment_send()) alert("myfunction"); return false;});